The popularity of poker at the turn of the 21st century was tied to several factors. It was at this time that poker tournaments began to be regularly televised, partly as a result of the development of the hole-card camera, The World Series of Poker a device that allowed the television audience to see a player’s hidden cards. This period also saw both the introduction and the expansion of online poker—as well as the rise of amateur player Chris Moneymaker, whose victory in the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) attracted legions of other amateurs to the RR88 sport.
The WSOP stands above all others in both tradition and stature. Its roots extend back to a 1949 match between Johnny Moss, a leading player on the Texas poker circuit, and the leading card personality of the time, Nick (“the Greek”) Dandolos. The games were arranged by Benny Binion and were played near the front window of his Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas. The games gained much publicity as the public observed play that continued for five months, including many variations of the game. Finally, after reportedly being down $4 million, Dandolos stood up and declared, “Mr. Moss, I have to let you go.”
The idea of a big game with the best players remained in Binion’s mind for two decades. Then, a year after celebrating a reunion of Texas poker players in Reno, he decided to invite the best players to Las Vegas for what he called the World Series of Poker. The initial game in 1970 involved six players who each paid a $5,000 entry fee. Two years later the fee was $10,000, and it was agreed that play would continue until all players had gone “all in” and only one player remained at the table. Johnny Moss won three of the first four tournaments. Slowly the tournament grew as more people were invited to play and anyone could put forth $10,000 and sit with the best poker players in the world.
Soon the tournament was split several ways, with contests for the surviving player in seven-card stud, Omaha, high-low stud, and Texas hold’em games and later with special restricted tournaments for seniors and for women. The winner of each event gets an engraved gold bracelet in addition to the prize money. The Texas hold’em game is the most prestigious, with its winner considered the poker world champion. Among early winners were Doyle (“Texas Dolly”) Brunson, Johnny Chan, Thomas (“Amarillo Slim”) Preston, and Stu Ungar.
Many satellite tournaments (or qualifying tournaments) have been spawned by the WSOP, and their winners are given the entry fee to the Horseshoe games. Entry fees for the satellites can be as low as $10. Some cardroom casinos use satellites as publicity draws and occasionally waive the fee. Satellites are accessible to people everywhere, especially as multiple tournaments are held over the Internet.
The WSOP has also been the inspiration for many other large tournaments—in particular, the World Poker Tour. Presented in weekly episodes on a cable television network, the World Poker Tour began in 2003 and consists of a dozen main events. It also conducts satellite tournaments and sponsors games on the Internet.
